Armed building-stone.



No. 802,223, PATENTED OUT. 17, 1905. J. G. P. LUND. ARMED BUILDINGSTONE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB-23, 1905.

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No. 802,223. I PATENTED 00117, 1905.

J. G. F. LUND.

ARMED BUILDING STONE.

APPLIGAaTION FILED 313.23, 1905.

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ARMED BUlLDlNG-STONE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 17, 1905.

Application filed February 23, 1905. Serial No. 2463,855-

To alZ LU/b07771 it may concern:

Be it known that I, Jens GABRIEL FREDRIK LUND, engineer, a citizen ofNorway, residing at Bjorn Farmandsgade 2, in the city of Christiania,Norway, have invented new and useful Improvements in Armed Building-Stone, of which the following is a specification.

The armed constructions of concrete hitherto used may be divided in twomain groups. To the first one may, for instance, be reckoned the systemsHennebique, Monier, &c. The characteristic feature of this first groupis that the floor is east at the building-place. This is for certainpurposes very suitable; but it is followed by the great inconveniencethat heavy and costly scaffolds must be used. Besides, the material isbadly utilized, as the section is compact, and on account hereof theconstruction is very little sound-deadening and heat-insulating. Thesecond main group is characterized, for instance, by system Siegwart, inwhich the building parts are pro duced in a manufactory way. Here theadvantage of an economical utilization of material, &c., is present; butit is necessary to work with big and heavy building parts.

My present invention has for its object to avoid the disadvantages andto obtain the ad vantages of both groups; For this purpose theconstruction is built up by single hollow artificial stones providedwith tongues and grooves in the direction perpendicular to the supports,and which stones are individually armed in the direction parallel to thesupports, whereby the material may be easily placed far from the neutralaxis.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which-Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of abuilding-stone which is armed inaccordance with my present invention. Fig. 2 is longitudinal section ofthe stone. Figs. 3 and 4: are two views of a building construction seenfrom two directions perpendicular to each other and made by singly-armedartificial stones. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional View along the line (1 Z)in Fig. 3. Figs. 6 and 7, 8 and 9,10 and 11 are central longitudinalsections and plan views, respectively, showing a second, third, andfourth form of execution of the arming.

Figs. 3 and 4C may represent a part of a wall or a floor. The stonesprovided with tongue and groove are placed in such a manner between thesupports 1 and 2 that the stones of each row form a continuous tongue,which engage the corres 'ionding continuous groove formed by theneighl'ioring row. W hen, therefore, the joints Sare arranged in bond,the fioor or wall will be very resistant against loads in vertical,respectively in horizontal direction. The stresses caused by the loadsare transferred only through the stone tongues 4: or groove projections5 to the adjacent stones and from these latter further to both supports.The problem is here now to construct a stone which in consisting of aminimum quantity of material is able to resist these stresses. In thegroove projections 5 and tongues 4: shearing stresses are causedexclusively or to a predomlnant extent. The

main flanges 8, however, also receive tension and compression. Thequestion consequently is to arm the stones in sucha manner thatthc stonemass in connection with the irons embedded therein are able to resistthese stresses, at the same time as all material is arranged as distantas possible from the axis of centers of gravity of the stones. Thisproblem may be suitably solved in the manner shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Inthe mass iron bands 6 and 7 are embedded alternately. The band 6 goesfrom the under part of the tongue 4 in an inclined direction upwardthrough the tongue and through the upper part of one of the side walls9, further through the upper main flange 8, then down through the otherside wall 10, and at last in inclined direction to a point near theunder side of the lower groove projection 5. (See the full lines in Fig.1.) The next band 7, however, goes from the upper part of the tongue 4:in an inclined direction downward through the tongue and through thelower part of the wall 9, further through the lower main flange 8, thenup through the other side wall 10, and at last in inclined direction toa point near the upper side of the upper groove projection 5. (See thedotted lines in Fig. 1.) In this manner the successive bands arealternately arranged, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. The distance betweenthe bands maybe made. for instance, equal to the double band width.Instead of bands wires of iron may be used. It is seen without further(:lescription that the shearing stresses, which appear in the tongue ior the groove projections 5, will as tension in one set of iron bands betransferred to the main flanges 8. At the same time the flanges 8 arestayed against the appearing tension, while the compression is taken upby the concrete mass directly. It also will be understood that thematerial in this manner may be placed as far out as possible, wherebythe best utilization is obtained. The whole construction becomes a smallweight and fixed scafl'olds are not necessary for the mounting. Onlydisplaceable plates are required, because the stones will carrythemselves when three rows are mounted.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 there are, between the bands, partsof the mass in which no hands are present. Although this is of smallimportance, it may easily be prevented, for instance, in the mannershown in Figs. 6 and 7, in which all upper iron parts (shown as wires orrods) are arranged aslope one way and the lower ones arranged aslope theother way. Herebya certain rigidity is obtained in the longitudinaldirection of the stone. In Figs. 7, 9, and 11 the upper parts of theirons are illustrated by thick lines, while the lower parts are drawn bythin lines. This binding together in longitudinal direction is stillmore perfected in Figs. 8 and 9, in which the irons consist of expandedmetal, which forms a continuous net. In this case one piece of expandedmetal may be used for each set of irons, and these two pieces, thewidths of which correspond to the complete length of each band in Fig.1, are cut and bent in such amanner that one of them forms two sets ofsloping iron parts, crossing each other and replacing the upper bands 6,while the other piece replaces the bands 7. The junction-points arepreferably arranged at the middle of the flanges 8, and in order thatthe parts may clear each other both pieces are displaced a half-pitch inrelation to each other, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9.

It is seen that in all preceding constructions the upper parts 6 are notconnected with the lower parts This may, however, be accomplished bymeans of a single continuous wire, as shown in Figs. 10 and 11. Hereevery second crossing part 11 is bent upward and every second part 12 isbent down, as it is clearly seen by means of the thick and thin lines.The whole arming skeleton in this manner forms one single piece. Theparts corresponding to the bands 6 are 17 18 11 19 20 and thosecorresponding to the bands 7 are l3 l4: 12 15 16.

(See also Fig. 7.)

Having now described myinvention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

l. A cast or pressed artificial-stone block, having an edge rib alongone longitudinal edge, and an edge groove along the other longitudinaledge, and having within its mass a number of metal bands or wires whichare arranged alternately in such a manner that one band extends from theunder part of the edge rib through the upper main flange to the lowergroove projection, while the next band extends from the upper partof-the edge rib through the lower main flange to the upper grooveprojection.

2. A cast or pressed artificial-stone block, having an edge rib alongone longitudinal edge, and an edge groove along the other longitudinaledge, and having within its mass the upper main flange to the lowergroove projection, while the next set of bands, sloping in an oppositedirection, extend from the upper part of the edge rib through the lowermain flange to the upper groove projection.

3. A cast or pressed artificial-stone block,

having an edge rib along one longitudinal edge, and an edge groove alongthe other longitudinal edge, and having within its mass net-like metalbands or wires havingoverlapping parts and which are arrangedalternately in such a manner that one band extends from the under partof the edge rib through the upper main flange to the lower grooveprojection, while the next band extends from the upper part of the edgerib through the lower main flange to the upper groove projection.

4. A cast or pressed artificial-stone block,

having an edge rib along one longitudinal edge, and an edge groove alongthe other longitudinal edge and having within its mass I00 net-likemetal bands or wires having overlapping parts, and constituting a cage,which passes through the edge rib, and through the upper and lower mainflanges oi the block.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name 5 to this specification inthe presence of two sul scribing witnesses.

JENS GABRIEL FREDRIK LUNI).

IVitnesses:

RICHARD TROKKE, AxEL LAHN.

